谢通门地震窗活动频次与强震对应关系     

土登次仁  格桑尼玛  格桑卓玛  益西拉姆  次仁多吉 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(2):31-36

采用西藏测震台网记录的2008年1月—2018年12月谢通门区域定位地震,系统分析该区M_L1.5以上地震频度变化及与附近强震的对应关系,发现地震台站建设密度对谢通门地震窗监控能力影响较大,故从2008—2011年和2012年7月—2018年12月2个时段予以分析。分析发现,2012年7月开始,谢通门地震窗小震活动水平在每月20次范围内随机波动,当超过20次以上(含20次)即异常高值出现或结束后1.5年内,在半径100 km以内具有发生M_S 5.0以上地震的可能,在半径1 000 km以内具有发生M_S 6.5以上强震的可能。  相似文献   

基于RBF神经网络的地震与爆破识别技术     

毛世榕  史水平  苏梅艳  蒋志峰  玉壮基 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(3):59-66

利用天然地震震源和人工爆破震源之间信号能量分布的差异,结合RBF神经网络技术,对2类事件进行分类,具体步骤如下:使用8个带通滤波器对事件波形进行滤波,并划分为4个波形段:P波、P波尾波、S波和S波尾波,分别计算每个滤波器信道和波形段的能量特征值,以所得32个特征参数作为输入向量,利用RBF神经网络,对地震和爆破事件进行分类识别。结果表明,基于RBF神经网络的地震事件识别方法,识别率为88.1%,具有较高的准确性,可作为地震与爆破事件识别的一个重要依据。  相似文献   

河南平顶山平煤矿区天然地震、爆破、塌陷时频特征分析     

高家乙  刘晓锋  闫睿 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(3):67-74

选取2019年3月—8月河南平顶山市宝丰县平煤矿区发生的ML 2.0—2.9天然地震、爆破、塌陷等9次震动事件,在区域地质构造背景和波形特征分析基础上,采用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)方法开展时频波谱分析,提取不同类型事件的时频特征。结果显示:(1)天然地震频率成分丰富,且高、低频分布均匀,P波在约3 Hz和8 Hz处存在2个峰值,S波存在多个峰值;(2)爆破事件的时频谱相对集中,以低频为主,P波频率峰值约5Hz,信号主频随时间变化,大致呈线性降低至1—2 Hz;(3)塌陷事件频率成分以4 Hz以下的低频为主,P波无明显峰值且频率成分单一,主频出现在2 Hz左右的面波。本文结果可为今后该矿区震动事件类型判断提供参考依据。  相似文献   

走向21世纪的地壳形变学--对大陆动力学与地震预测的新推动   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

周硕愚 《大地测量与地球动力学》1999,19(1):1-13

监测和预测地震等自然灾害的需要,促进了大地测量学和地球物理学等学科的相互交融.经过30余年的探索,一门地学前沿交叉新学科--"地壳形变学"已初步形成.地壳形变学已拥有空间-地面-深部立体测地系统,具有在多种空间尺度内精确测定现今地壳运动(秒～数十年)和灾害孕育过程的空前强大能力,从而可望击破长期制约现今地球动力学和地震预测的地球空间信息的"瓶颈".在21世纪,地壳形变学将成为推动大陆动力学和地震预报的主要科技动力之一,推进精确定量测定大陆动力学现今过程,限定现今大陆动力学性质并在验证解释地质学模型诸方面发挥特有作用.它将促使地震预测摆脱"粘滞状态",由"经验预测"走向"图像动力学预测";在揭示大陆地震孕育时空过程、判定地震大形势、划定危险区、搜寻和跟踪震源动力学演化过程及研究动力学响应耦合等方面作出新贡献.  相似文献   

A hyperspectral experiment over tropical forests based on the EO-1 orbit change and PROSAIL simulation     

Lênio Soares Galvão  Alana Almeida de Souza  Fábio Marcelo Breunig 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(1):74-90

ABSTRACT

We designed a unique hyperspectral experiment from the Earth Observing One (EO-1) orbit change to evaluate solar illumination effects over tropical forests in Brazil. Ten nadir-viewing Hyperion images collected over a fixed site and period of the year (July to August) were selected for analysis. We evaluated variations in reflectance and in 16 narrowband vegetation indices (VIs) with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA) from the pre-drift (2004–2008) to the EO-1 drift period (2011–2016). To detect changes in reflectance and shadows, we applied spectral mixture analysis (SMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) and calculated the similarity spectral angle (θ) between the vegetation spectra measured with variable SZA. The magnitude of the illumination effects was also evaluated from change-point analysis and nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests applied over the time series. Finally, we complemented our experiment using the PROSAIL model to simulate the VIs variation with increasing SZA resultant from satellite drift. The results showed significant changes in Hyperion reflectance and VIs, especially when the EO-1 crossed the study area at earlier times and larger SZA in 2015 (9:05 a.m.; SZA = 59°) and 2016 (8:30 a.m.; SZA = 67°). Compared to the pre-drift period (10:30 a.m.; SZA = 45°), the SZA differences of 14° (2015) and 22° (2016) increased the shade fractions and decreased the vegetation brightness. PCA separated the pre-drift and drift reflectance datasets, showing shifts in scores due to changes in brightness. θ increased with SZA, indicating changes in the shape of the vegetation spectra with drift. For most VIs, the change-point analysis indicated 2015 (SZA = 59°) as the predominant year of detected changes. Compared to the EO-1 original orbit, the Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI), Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) and Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI) presented the largest positive changes during drift, while the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) had the largest negative changes. The effect size of the illumination geometry on these VIs was large, as indicated by increasing values of the Cohen’s r metric toward 2016. The anisotropy of the Hyperion VIs was generally consistent with that from PROSAIL in the simulated pre-drift and drift periods. Focusing on structural indices, it affected the relationships between VIs and simulated leaf area index (LAI) at large SZA.  相似文献   

Analyzing ice dynamics using Sentinel-1 data at the Solheimajoküll Glacier,Iceland     

Diego Gómez  Pablo Salvador  Julia Sanz  Mikhail Urbazaev  José Luis Casanova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(6):813-829

ABSTRACT

The climate in southern Iceland has warmed over the last 70 years, resulting in accelerated glacier dynamics at the Solheimajoküll glacier. In this study, we compare glacier terminus locations from 1973 to 2018, to changes in climate across the study area, and we derive ice-surface velocities (2015–2018) from satellite remote-sensing imagery (Sentinel-1) using the offset-tracking method. There have been two regional temperature trends in the study period: cooling (1973–1979) and warming (1980–2018). Our results indicate a time lag of about 20 years between the onset of glacier retreat (?53 m/year since 2000) and the inception of the warming period. Seasonally, the velocity time series suggest acceleration during the summer melt season since 2016, whereas glacier velocities during accumulation months were constant. The highest velocities were observed at high elevations where the ice-surface slope is the steepest. We tested several scenarios to assess the hydrological time response to glacier accelerations, with the highest correlations being found between one and 30 days after the velocity estimates. Monthly correlation analyses indicated inter-annual and intra-annual variability in the glacier dynamics. Additionally, we investigate the linkage between glacier velocities and meltwater outflow parameters as they provide useful information about internal processes in the glacier. Velocity estimates positively correlate with water level and negatively correlate with water conductivity between April and August. There is also a disruption in the correlation trend between water conductivity and ice velocity in June, potentially due to a seasonal release of geothermal water.  相似文献   

GM(1,1)模型的遗传算法优化及效果检验     

邓新民  张明  邹长武 《成都信息工程学院学报》2002,17(4):265-268

对平稳的数据和非平稳数据两种数据序列建立的GM（1，1）模型，分别用加速遗传算法（AGA）和最小二乘法（LSM）对模型参数求解。结果表明：对平稳变化数据序列，两种方法建立的预测模型的拟合优度和预测精度无显著差异；对变化幅度较大的非平稳数据序列，基于AGA的GM（1，1）模型的拟合优度和预测精度高于基于LSM的GM（1，1）模型的拟合优度和预测精度。  相似文献   

A relationship between solar activity and frequency of natural disasters in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WANG Zhongrui  Song FENG  TANG Maocang 《大气科学进展》2003,20(6):934-939

The relationship between the length of the solar cycle, a good indicator of long-term change in solar activity, and natural disasters (drought, flood, and strong earthquakes) in China during the last 108 years is analyzed. The results suggest that the length of solar cycle may be a useful indicator for drought/flood and strong earthquakes. When the solar activity strengthens, we see the length of the solar cycle shorten and more floods occur in South China and frequent strong earthquakes happen in the Tibetan Plateau,but the droughts in East China as well as the strong earthquakes in Taiwan and at the western boundary of China are very few. The opposite frequencies occur when the solar activity weakens. The current study indicates that the solar activity may play an important role in the climate extremes and behavior in the lithosphere.  相似文献   

Automatic Location of Swarm Earthquakes from Local Network Data     

Fischer  Tomáš 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(1):83-98

An advanced method of automated seismic phase picking and exact location and magnitude determination of swarm micro-earthquakes from local network data is presented. The phase picker is applied in two steps: first, S-wave groups are identified using a polarisation detector, and then corresponding P-wave groups are searched for. The times of maximum P- and S-amplitudes are then used as starting points for the determination of accurate P- and S-arrival times. The maximum S-wave amplitudes are utilised for determining local magnitudes. The whole procedure is checked by simultaneous preliminary hypocentre location providing estimates of local magnitudes and a compatibility check of the candidate P- and S-phases. The closest station to the earthquake cluster is used as a master, and the phase search at the remaining stations is governed by the P- and S-phases identified at the master station. Thanks to the use of apriori information on the approximate position of hypocentres, the procedure is also capable of picking the individual P- and S-phases of sequences of overlapping swarm events. The performance of the procedure was tested by comparison of the automatically and interactively created catalogues of the January 1997 NW-Bohemia micro-earthquake swarm. With stations located at epicentral distances between 0 and 20 km, the difference between hypocentre coordinates obtained by automatic and interactive processing did not exceed 80 m for 86% events. All events above magnitude 0.5 were identified, and the automatically determined polarity of first P-wave motion proved to be correct in 89% of them.  相似文献   

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前的地震活动异常及预测意义的讨论   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王林瑛  陈佩燕  林碧苍  丁秋琴 《地震工程学报》2003,25(1):22-27

昆仑山口西8．1地震前明显地出现大区域地震活动平静、高6值、高调制、低锅值的异常配套现象．回顾性分析了巨大地震前不同时问和空间尺度的地震活动性异常,探讨了巨大地震的预测可能性。  相似文献